Inr normal range for hydrocephalus7/23/2023 19, 25) In this study, radiological complications of VP shunt developed ICH in 34 patients, hygroma in 18 patients, and subdural hematoma in 4 patients. 2, 4) As is well-known, complications after insertion of a CSF shunt, such as infection, obstruction, subdural hematoma, malfunction, seizures, migrating or kinked catheter obstruction or blockage of the ventricular and abdominal ends of the catheter, and infection of the shunt apparatus are the major problems of CSF shunting procedures. VP shunt is one of common procedure for neurosurgeons to control the communicating hydrocephalus. We defined delayed ICH as subsequent occurrence of ICH which was not seen in CT scans within post-operative 48 hours. The patients were categorized into two groups according to delayed ICH. The exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) VP shunt in another institution 2) a revision of the VP shunt 3) less than 15 years old. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) VP shunt was performed in our single center 2) Post-operation brain CT scanning was done within 48 hours after operation 3) Follow-up brain CT scan was done within post-operative 7 days. Twenty-nine patients were excluded from this study because they had not undergone brain computed tomography (CT) scanning within 48 hours after operation and within postoperative 7 days, and early hemorrhage developed within 48 hours after VP shunt. Initially, 167 patients were identified as having a VP shunt using a Codman Hakim programmable valve (Codman, Johnson & Johnson, Raynham, MA, USA). Therefore, we evaluate the risk factors and incidence of delayed ICH following VP shunt with a review of the relevant literature.Ĭlinical data were investigated in patients who underwent VP Shunt between March 2003 and December 2013. Although the mechanism of delayed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after VP shunt has been reported, the risk factors for the development of delayed ICH are still not understood. 26)Īmong these complications, delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) secondary to VP shunt placement is not common. Postoperative complations after VP shunt placement include shunt obstruction, subdural hematoma, infection, seizures, catheter migration, and shunt malfunction. However, there are potential complications that may require multiple surgical procedures during the lifetime of a patient. Among CSF diversion techniques, the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is the routine, first choice, due to easy placement and functional reliability as compared to the other alternatives. 3) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt procedures have dramatically reduced the morbidity and mortality of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus is a common condition accounting for 69,000 hospital discharges each year in the United States.
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